More background on Docker:
http://www.docker.io/the-whole-story/

Their very cool Interactive Tutorial:
https://www.docker.io/gettingstarted/

Installation via vagrant:
http://docs.docker.io/en/latest/installation/vagrant/

dotCloud (creators of Docker) had a series of blog posts on building a PaaS that included ones on LXC and AUFS:
http://blog.dotcloud.com/under-the-hood-linux-kernels-on-dotcloud-part
http://blog.dotcloud.com/kernel-secrets-from-the-paas-garage-part-34-a